diff --git a/app/Actions/ActivityService.php b/app/Actions/ActivityService.php
index 8511e4d6d..d092a35c2 100644
--- a/app/Actions/ActivityService.php
+++ b/app/Actions/ActivityService.php
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ class ActivityService
      */
     public function removeEntity(Entity $entity)
     {
+        // TODO - Rewrite to db query.
         $activities = $entity->activity;
         foreach ($activities as $activity) {
             $activity->extra = $entity->name;
diff --git a/app/Auth/Permissions/PermissionService.php b/app/Auth/Permissions/PermissionService.php
index a5ab4ea9a..b4ea17cec 100644
--- a/app/Auth/Permissions/PermissionService.php
+++ b/app/Auth/Permissions/PermissionService.php
@@ -215,7 +215,6 @@ class PermissionService
      * @param Collection $books
      * @param array $roles
      * @param bool $deleteOld
-     * @throws \Throwable
      */
     protected function buildJointPermissionsForBooks($books, $roles, $deleteOld = false)
     {
diff --git a/app/Config/app.php b/app/Config/app.php
index b4a1076a9..50e3bdb6a 100755
--- a/app/Config/app.php
+++ b/app/Config/app.php
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ return [
         'Setting'  => BookStack\Facades\Setting::class,
         'Views'    => BookStack\Facades\Views::class,
         'Images'   => BookStack\Facades\Images::class,
+        'Permissions' => BookStack\Facades\Permissions::class,
 
     ],
 
diff --git a/app/Entities/BookChild.php b/app/Entities/BookChild.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c76baf29a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Entities/BookChild.php
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?php namespace BookStack\Entities;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+/**
+ * Class BookChild
+ * @property int $book_id
+ */
+class BookChild extends Entity
+{
+
+    /**
+     * Get the book this page sits in.
+     * @return BelongsTo
+     */
+    public function book(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Book::class);
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Entities/Bookshelf.php b/app/Entities/Bookshelf.php
index 1db348b6b..7ad2415ed 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Bookshelf.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Bookshelf.php
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class Bookshelf extends Entity
      */
     public function appendBook(Book $book)
     {
-       if (!$this->contains($book)) {
+       if ($this->contains($book)) {
            return;
        }
 
diff --git a/app/Entities/Chapter.php b/app/Entities/Chapter.php
index b204f1903..d121432fa 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Chapter.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Chapter.php
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 <?php namespace BookStack\Entities;
 
-class Chapter extends Entity
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+class Chapter extends BookChild
 {
     public $searchFactor = 1.3;
 
@@ -15,15 +17,6 @@ class Chapter extends Entity
         return 'BookStack\\Chapter';
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get the book this chapter is within.
-     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
-     */
-    public function book()
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Book::class);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get the pages that this chapter contains.
      * @param string $dir
diff --git a/app/Entities/Entity.php b/app/Entities/Entity.php
index 480d7caa7..4e54a9e27 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Entity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Entity.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Actions\Tag;
 use BookStack\Actions\View;
 use BookStack\Auth\Permissions\EntityPermission;
 use BookStack\Auth\Permissions\JointPermission;
+use BookStack\Facades\Permissions;
 use BookStack\Ownable;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
@@ -91,7 +92,8 @@ class Entity extends Ownable
      */
     public function activity()
     {
-        return $this->morphMany(Activity::class, 'entity')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
+        return $this->morphMany(Activity::class, 'entity')
+            ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -102,11 +104,6 @@ class Entity extends Ownable
         return $this->morphMany(View::class, 'viewable');
     }
 
-    public function viewCountQuery()
-    {
-        return $this->views()->selectRaw('viewable_id, sum(views) as view_count')->groupBy('viewable_id');
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get the Tag models that have been user assigned to this entity.
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany
@@ -185,6 +182,14 @@ class Entity extends Ownable
         return strtolower(static::getClassName());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the type of this entity.
+     */
+    public function type(): string
+    {
+        return static::getType();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get an instance of an entity of the given type.
      * @param $type
@@ -255,4 +260,23 @@ class Entity extends Ownable
     {
         return $path;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Rebuild the permissions for this entity.
+     */
+    public function rebuildPermissions()
+    {
+        /** @noinspection PhpUnhandledExceptionInspection */
+        Permissions::buildJointPermissionsForEntity($this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate and set a new URL slug for this model.
+     */
+    public function refreshSlug(): string
+    {
+        $generator = new SlugGenerator($this);
+        $this->slug = $generator->generate();
+        return $this->slug;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Page.php b/app/Entities/Page.php
index c32417418..752b3c9dd 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Page.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Page.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use BookStack\Uploads\Attachment;
 
-class Page extends Entity
+class Page extends BookChild
 {
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'html', 'priority', 'markdown'];
 
@@ -30,15 +30,6 @@ class Page extends Entity
         return $array;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get the book this page sits in.
-     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
-     */
-    public function book()
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Book::class);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get the parent item
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
diff --git a/app/Entities/Repos/EntityRepo.php b/app/Entities/Repos/EntityRepo.php
index 925e3c30d..c5fb3501e 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Repos/EntityRepo.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Repos/EntityRepo.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Actions\ViewService;
 use BookStack\Auth\Permissions\PermissionService;
 use BookStack\Auth\User;
 use BookStack\Entities\Book;
+use BookStack\Entities\BookChild;
 use BookStack\Entities\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Entity;
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
 use BookStack\Uploads\AttachmentService;
 use DOMDocument;
-use DOMNode;
 use DOMXPath;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
@@ -465,25 +465,6 @@ class EntityRepo
         return $slug;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Check if a slug already exists in the database.
-     * @param string $type
-     * @param string $slug
-     * @param bool|integer $currentId
-     * @param bool|integer $bookId
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    protected function slugExists($type, $slug, $currentId = false, $bookId = false)
-    {
-        $query = $this->entityProvider->get($type)->where('slug', '=', $slug);
-        if (strtolower($type) === 'page' || strtolower($type) === 'chapter') {
-            $query = $query->where('book_id', '=', $bookId);
-        }
-        if ($currentId) {
-            $query = $query->where('id', '!=', $currentId);
-        }
-        return $query->count() > 0;
-    }
 
     /**
      * Updates entity restrictions from a request
@@ -501,14 +482,14 @@ class EntityRepo
                 foreach ($restrictions as $action => $value) {
                     $entity->permissions()->create([
                         'role_id' => $roleId,
-                        'action'  => strtolower($action)
+                        'action'  => strtolower($action),
                     ]);
                 }
             }
         }
 
         $entity->save();
-        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entity);
+        $entity->rebuildPermissions();
     }
 
 
@@ -519,12 +500,10 @@ class EntityRepo
      * @param array $input
      * @param Book|null $book
      * @return Entity
-     * @throws Throwable
      */
     public function createFromInput(string $type, array $input = [], Book $book = null)
     {
         $entityModel = $this->entityProvider->get($type)->newInstance($input);
-        $entityModel->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug($type, $entityModel->name, false, $book ? $book->id : false);
         $entityModel->created_by = user()->id;
         $entityModel->updated_by = user()->id;
 
@@ -532,41 +511,39 @@ class EntityRepo
             $entityModel->book_id = $book->id;
         }
 
+        $entityModel->refreshSlug();
         $entityModel->save();
 
         if (isset($input['tags'])) {
             $this->tagRepo->saveTagsToEntity($entityModel, $input['tags']);
         }
 
-        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entityModel);
+        $entityModel->rebuildPermissions();
         $this->searchService->indexEntity($entityModel);
         return $entityModel;
     }
 
     /**
      * Update entity details from request input.
-     * Used for books and chapters
-     * @param string $type
-     * @param Entity $entityModel
-     * @param array $input
-     * @return Entity
-     * @throws Throwable
+     * Used for books and chapters.
+     * TODO: Remove type param
      */
-    public function updateFromInput(string $type, Entity $entityModel, array $input = [])
+    public function updateFromInput(string $type, Entity $entityModel, array $input = []): Entity
     {
-        if ($entityModel->name !== $input['name']) {
-            $entityModel->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug($type, $input['name'], $entityModel->id);
-        }
-
         $entityModel->fill($input);
         $entityModel->updated_by = user()->id;
+
+        if ($entityModel->isDirty('name')) {
+            $entityModel->refreshSlug();
+        }
+
         $entityModel->save();
 
         if (isset($input['tags'])) {
             $this->tagRepo->saveTagsToEntity($entityModel, $input['tags']);
         }
 
-        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entityModel);
+        $entityModel->rebuildPermissions();
         $this->searchService->indexEntity($entityModel);
         return $entityModel;
     }
@@ -595,62 +572,24 @@ class EntityRepo
 
     /**
      * Change the book that an entity belongs to.
-     * @param string $type
-     * @param integer $newBookId
-     * @param Entity $entity
-     * @param bool $rebuildPermissions
-     * @return Entity
      */
-    public function changeBook($type, $newBookId, Entity $entity, $rebuildPermissions = false)
+    public function changeBook(BookChild $bookChild, int $newBookId): Entity
     {
-        $entity->book_id = $newBookId;
+        $bookChild->book_id = $newBookId;
+        $bookChild->refreshSlug();
+        $bookChild->save();
+
         // Update related activity
-        foreach ($entity->activity as $activity) {
-            $activity->book_id = $newBookId;
-            $activity->save();
-        }
-        $entity->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug($type, $entity->name, $entity->id, $newBookId);
-        $entity->save();
+        $bookChild->activity()->update(['book_id' => $newBookId]);
 
         // Update all child pages if a chapter
-        if (strtolower($type) === 'chapter') {
-            foreach ($entity->pages as $page) {
-                $this->changeBook('page', $newBookId, $page, false);
+        if ($bookChild->isA('chapter')) {
+            foreach ($bookChild->pages as $page) {
+                $this->changeBook($page, $newBookId);
             }
         }
 
-        // Update permissions if applicable
-        if ($rebuildPermissions) {
-            $entity->load('book');
-            $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entity->book);
-        }
-
-        return $entity;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Alias method to update the book jointPermissions in the PermissionService.
-     * @param Book $book
-     */
-    public function buildJointPermissionsForBook(Book $book)
-    {
-        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Format a name as a url slug.
-     * @param $name
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected function nameToSlug($name)
-    {
-        $slug = preg_replace('/[\+\/\\\?\@\}\{\.\,\=\[\]\#\&\!\*\'\;\:\$\%]/', '', mb_strtolower($name));
-        $slug = preg_replace('/\s{2,}/', ' ', $slug);
-        $slug = str_replace(' ', '-', $slug);
-        if ($slug === "") {
-            $slug = substr(md5(rand(1, 500)), 0, 5);
-        }
-        return $slug;
+        return $bookChild;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -885,6 +824,7 @@ class EntityRepo
         $shelfBooks = $bookshelf->books()->get();
         $updatedBookCount = 0;
 
+        /** @var Book $book */
         foreach ($shelfBooks as $book) {
             if (!userCan('restrictions-manage', $book)) {
                 continue;
@@ -893,7 +833,7 @@ class EntityRepo
             $book->restricted = $bookshelf->restricted;
             $book->permissions()->createMany($shelfPermissions);
             $book->save();
-            $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
+            $book->rebuildPermissions();
             $updatedBookCount++;
         }
 
diff --git a/app/Entities/Repos/PageRepo.php b/app/Entities/Repos/PageRepo.php
index ba59d1277..0e0585a85 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Repos/PageRepo.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Repos/PageRepo.php
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use Carbon\Carbon;
 use DOMDocument;
 use DOMElement;
 use DOMXPath;
-use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 
 class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
 {
@@ -60,11 +59,6 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
         $oldHtml = $page->html;
         $oldName = $page->name;
 
-        // Prevent slug being updated if no name change
-        if ($page->name !== $input['name']) {
-            $page->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug('page', $input['name'], $page->id, $book_id);
-        }
-
         // Save page tags if present
         if (isset($input['tags'])) {
             $this->tagRepo->saveTagsToEntity($page, $input['tags']);
@@ -79,11 +73,17 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
         $page->fill($input);
         $page->html = $this->formatHtml($input['html']);
         $page->text = $this->pageToPlainText($page);
+        $page->updated_by = $userId;
+        $page->revision_count++;
+
         if (setting('app-editor') !== 'markdown') {
             $page->markdown = '';
         }
-        $page->updated_by = $userId;
-        $page->revision_count++;
+
+        if ($page->isDirty('name')) {
+            $page->refreshSlug();
+        }
+
         $page->save();
 
         // Remove all update drafts for this user & page.
@@ -242,8 +242,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
         }
 
         $book->pages()->save($page);
-        $page = $this->entityProvider->page->find($page->id);
-        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($page);
+        $page->refresh()->rebuildPermissions();
         return $page;
     }
 
@@ -310,12 +309,11 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
             $draftPage->template = ($input['template'] === 'true');
         }
 
-        $draftPage->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug('page', $draftPage->name, false, $draftPage->book->id);
         $draftPage->html = $this->formatHtml($input['html']);
         $draftPage->text = $this->pageToPlainText($draftPage);
         $draftPage->draft = false;
         $draftPage->revision_count = 1;
-
+        $draftPage->refreshSlug();
         $draftPage->save();
         $this->savePageRevision($draftPage, trans('entities.pages_initial_revision'));
         $this->searchService->indexEntity($draftPage);
@@ -468,12 +466,14 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
     {
         $page->revision_count++;
         $this->savePageRevision($page);
+
         $revision = $page->revisions()->where('id', '=', $revisionId)->first();
         $page->fill($revision->toArray());
-        $page->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug('page', $page->name, $page->id, $book->id);
         $page->text = $this->pageToPlainText($page);
         $page->updated_by = user()->id;
+        $page->refreshSlug();
         $page->save();
+
         $this->searchService->indexEntity($page);
         return $page;
     }
@@ -482,18 +482,19 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
      * Change the page's parent to the given entity.
      * @param Page $page
      * @param Entity $parent
-     * @throws \Throwable
      */
     public function changePageParent(Page $page, Entity $parent)
     {
         $book = $parent->isA('book') ? $parent : $parent->book;
         $page->chapter_id = $parent->isA('chapter') ? $parent->id : 0;
         $page->save();
+
         if ($page->book->id !== $book->id) {
-            $page = $this->changeBook('page', $book->id, $page);
+            $page = $this->changeBook($page, $book->id);
         }
+
         $page->load('book');
-        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
+        $book->rebuildPermissions();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/app/Entities/SlugGenerator.php b/app/Entities/SlugGenerator.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e68e00b06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Entities/SlugGenerator.php
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php namespace BookStack\Entities;
+
+class SlugGenerator
+{
+
+    protected $entity;
+
+    /**
+     * SlugGenerator constructor.
+     * @param $entity
+     */
+    public function __construct(Entity $entity)
+    {
+        $this->entity = $entity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a fresh slug for the given entity.
+     * The slug will generated so it does not conflict within the same parent item.
+     */
+    public function generate(): string
+    {
+        $slug = $this->formatNameAsSlug($this->entity->name);
+        while ($this->slugInUse($slug)) {
+            $slug .= '-' . substr(md5(rand(1, 500)), 0, 3);
+        }
+        return $slug;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Format a name as a url slug.
+     */
+    protected function formatNameAsSlug(string $name): string
+    {
+        $slug = preg_replace('/[\+\/\\\?\@\}\{\.\,\=\[\]\#\&\!\*\'\;\:\$\%]/', '', mb_strtolower($name));
+        $slug = preg_replace('/\s{2,}/', ' ', $slug);
+        $slug = str_replace(' ', '-', $slug);
+        if ($slug === "") {
+            $slug = substr(md5(rand(1, 500)), 0, 5);
+        }
+        return $slug;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if a slug is already in-use for this
+     * type of model within the same parent.
+     */
+    protected function slugInUse(string $slug): bool
+    {
+        $query = $this->entity->newQuery()->where('slug', '=', $slug);
+
+        if ($this->entity instanceof BookChild) {
+            $query->where('book_id', '=', $this->entity->book_id);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->entity->id) {
+            $query->where('id', '!=', $this->entity->id);
+        }
+
+        return $query->count() > 0;
+    }
+
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Facades/Permissions.php b/app/Facades/Permissions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c552d7cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Facades/Permissions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php namespace BookStack\Facades;
+
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade;
+
+class Permissions extends Facade
+{
+    /**
+     * Get the registered name of the component.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected static function getFacadeAccessor()
+    {
+        return 'permissions';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/BookController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/BookController.php
index 1a7872030..b2fb1dcba 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/BookController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/BookController.php
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ class BookController extends Controller
      */
     public function index()
     {
-        $view = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, 'books_view_type', config('app.views.books'));
-        $sort = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, 'books_sort', 'name');
-        $order = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, 'books_sort_order', 'asc');
+        $view = setting()->getForCurrentUser('books_view_type', config('app.views.books'));
+        $sort = setting()->getForCurrentUser('books_sort', 'name');
+        $order = setting()->getForCurrentUser('books_sort_order', 'asc');
 
         $books = $this->bookRepo->getAllPaginated('book', 18, $sort, $order);
-        $recents = $this->signedIn ? $this->bookRepo->getRecentlyViewed('book', 4, 0) : false;
+        $recents = $this->isSignedIn() ? $this->bookRepo->getRecentlyViewed('book', 4, 0) : false;
         $popular = $this->bookRepo->getPopular('book', 4, 0);
         $new = $this->bookRepo->getRecentlyCreated('book', 4, 0);
 
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ class BookController extends Controller
      * @throws NotFoundException
      * @throws ImageUploadException
      * @throws ValidationException
-     * @throws Throwable
      */
     public function store(Request $request, string $shelfSlug = null)
     {
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
      * @return Factory|View
      * @throws NotFoundException
      */
-    public function getSortItem(string $bookSlug)
+    public function sortItem(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $bookChildren = $this->bookRepo->getBookChildren($book);
@@ -286,10 +285,12 @@ class BookController extends Controller
         // Get the books involved in the sort
         $bookIdsInvolved = $bookIdsInvolved->unique()->toArray();
         $booksInvolved = $this->bookRepo->getManyById('book', $bookIdsInvolved, false, true);
+
         // Throw permission error if invalid ids or inaccessible books given.
         if (count($bookIdsInvolved) !== count($booksInvolved)) {
             $this->showPermissionError();
         }
+
         // Check permissions of involved books
         $booksInvolved->each(function (Book $book) {
              $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
             $chapterChanged = ($mapItem->type === 'page') && intval($model->chapter_id) !== $mapItem->parentChapter;
 
             if ($bookChanged) {
-                $this->bookRepo->changeBook($mapItem->type, $mapItem->book, $model);
+                $this->bookRepo->changeBook($model, $mapItem->book);
             }
             if ($chapterChanged) {
                 $model->chapter_id = intval($mapItem->parentChapter);
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
 
         // Rebuild permissions and add activity for involved books.
         $booksInvolved->each(function (Book $book) {
-            $this->bookRepo->buildJointPermissionsForBook($book);
+            $book->rebuildPermissions();
             Activity::add($book, 'book_sort', $book->id);
         });
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/BookshelfController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/BookshelfController.php
index 9bb94484c..b5565eb57 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/BookshelfController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/BookshelfController.php
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
      */
     public function index()
     {
-        $view = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, 'bookshelves_view_type', config('app.views.bookshelves', 'grid'));
-        $sort = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, 'bookshelves_sort', 'name');
-        $order = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, 'bookshelves_sort_order', 'asc');
+        $view = setting()->getForCurrentUser('bookshelves_view_type', config('app.views.bookshelves', 'grid'));
+        $sort = setting()->getForCurrentUser('bookshelves_sort', 'name');
+        $order = setting()->getForCurrentUser('bookshelves_sort_order', 'asc');
         $sortOptions = [
             'name' => trans('common.sort_name'),
             'created_at' => trans('common.sort_created_at'),
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
             $shelf->books = $this->entityRepo->getBookshelfChildren($shelf);
         }
 
-        $recents = $this->signedIn ? $this->entityRepo->getRecentlyViewed('bookshelf', 4, 0) : false;
+        $recents = $this->isSignedIn() ? $this->entityRepo->getRecentlyViewed('bookshelf', 4, 0) : false;
         $popular = $this->entityRepo->getPopular('bookshelf', 4, 0);
         $new = $this->entityRepo->getRecentlyCreated('bookshelf', 4, 0);
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php
index 8090556c9..7b1fb300c 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php
@@ -201,7 +201,9 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
             return redirect()->back();
         }
 
-        $this->entityRepo->changeBook('chapter', $parent->id, $chapter, true);
+        $this->entityRepo->changeBook($chapter, $parent->id);
+        $chapter->rebuildPermissions();
+
         Activity::add($chapter, 'chapter_move', $chapter->book->id);
         $this->showSuccessNotification( trans('entities.chapter_move_success', ['bookName' => $parent->name]));
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php
index 7bca77495..034c852de 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php
@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Http\Controllers;
 
-use BookStack\Auth\User;
-use BookStack\Entities\Entity;
-use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Ownable;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\DispatchesJobs;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Validation\ValidatesRequests;
@@ -16,23 +13,20 @@ abstract class Controller extends BaseController
 {
     use DispatchesJobs, ValidatesRequests;
 
-    /**
-     * @var User static
-     */
-    protected $currentUser;
-
-    /**
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    protected $signedIn;
-
     /**
      * Controller constructor.
      */
     public function __construct()
     {
-        $this->currentUser = user();
-        $this->signedIn = auth()->check();
+        //
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the current user is signed in.
+     */
+    protected function isSignedIn(): bool
+    {
+        return auth()->check();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -123,7 +117,7 @@ abstract class Controller extends BaseController
     protected function checkPermissionOrCurrentUser(string $permissionName, int $userId)
     {
         return $this->checkPermissionOr($permissionName, function () use ($userId) {
-            return $userId === $this->currentUser->id;
+            return $userId === user()->id;
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php
index d2c75f956..a37371d3a 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ class HomeController extends Controller
     public function index()
     {
         $activity = Activity::latest(10);
-        $draftPages = $this->signedIn ? $this->entityRepo->getUserDraftPages(6) : [];
+        $draftPages = $this->isSignedIn() ? $this->entityRepo->getUserDraftPages(6) : [];
         $recentFactor = count($draftPages) > 0 ? 0.5 : 1;
-        $recents = $this->signedIn ? Views::getUserRecentlyViewed(12*$recentFactor, 0) : $this->entityRepo->getRecentlyCreated('book', 12*$recentFactor);
+        $recents = $this->isSignedIn() ? Views::getUserRecentlyViewed(12*$recentFactor, 0) : $this->entityRepo->getRecentlyCreated('book', 12*$recentFactor);
         $recentlyUpdatedPages = $this->entityRepo->getRecentlyUpdated('page', 12);
 
         $homepageOptions = ['default', 'books', 'bookshelves', 'page'];
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ class HomeController extends Controller
         // Add required list ordering & sorting for books & shelves views.
         if ($homepageOption === 'bookshelves' || $homepageOption === 'books') {
             $key = $homepageOption;
-            $view = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, $key . '_view_type', config('app.views.' . $key));
-            $sort = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, $key . '_sort', 'name');
-            $order = setting()->getUser($this->currentUser, $key . '_sort_order', 'asc');
+            $view = setting()->getForCurrentUser($key . '_view_type', config('app.views.' . $key));
+            $sort = setting()->getForCurrentUser($key . '_sort', 'name');
+            $order = setting()->getForCurrentUser($key . '_sort_order', 'asc');
 
             $sortOptions = [
                 'name' => trans('common.sort_name'),
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/PageController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/PageController.php
index 37b575010..736fcf4f6 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/PageController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/PageController.php
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $parent);
 
         // Redirect to draft edit screen if signed in
-        if ($this->signedIn) {
+        if ($this->isSignedIn()) {
             $draft = $this->pageRepo->getDraftPage($book, $chapter);
             return redirect($draft->getUrl());
         }
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $draft->parent);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.pages_edit_draft'));
 
-        $draftsEnabled = $this->signedIn;
+        $draftsEnabled = $this->isSignedIn();
         $templates = $this->pageRepo->getPageTemplates(10);
 
         return view('pages.edit', [
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         }
 
         // Check for a current draft version for this user
-        $userPageDraft = $this->pageRepo->getUserPageDraft($page, $this->currentUser->id);
+        $userPageDraft = $this->pageRepo->getUserPageDraft($page, user()->id);
         if ($userPageDraft !== null) {
             $page->name = $userPageDraft->name;
             $page->html = $userPageDraft->html;
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             $this->showWarningNotification( implode("\n", $warnings));
         }
 
-        $draftsEnabled = $this->signedIn;
+        $draftsEnabled = $this->isSignedIn();
         $templates = $this->pageRepo->getPageTemplates(10);
 
         return view('pages.edit', [
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $page = $this->pageRepo->getById('page', $pageId, true);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
 
-        if (!$this->signedIn) {
+        if (!$this->isSignedIn()) {
             return response()->json([
                 'status' => 'error',
                 'message' => trans('errors.guests_cannot_save_drafts'),
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
index 6984fef1e..c787e78ad 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class UserController extends Controller
         }
 
         // External auth id updates
-        if ($this->currentUser->can('users-manage') && $request->filled('external_auth_id')) {
+        if (user()->can('users-manage') && $request->filled('external_auth_id')) {
             $user->external_auth_id = $request->get('external_auth_id');
         }
 
diff --git a/app/Providers/CustomFacadeProvider.php b/app/Providers/CustomFacadeProvider.php
index e7bde5290..b4158187c 100644
--- a/app/Providers/CustomFacadeProvider.php
+++ b/app/Providers/CustomFacadeProvider.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Providers;
 
 use BookStack\Actions\ActivityService;
 use BookStack\Actions\ViewService;
+use BookStack\Auth\Permissions\PermissionService;
 use BookStack\Settings\SettingService;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageService;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
@@ -27,20 +28,24 @@ class CustomFacadeProvider extends ServiceProvider
      */
     public function register()
     {
-        $this->app->bind('activity', function () {
+        $this->app->singleton('activity', function () {
             return $this->app->make(ActivityService::class);
         });
 
-        $this->app->bind('views', function () {
+        $this->app->singleton('views', function () {
             return $this->app->make(ViewService::class);
         });
 
-        $this->app->bind('setting', function () {
+        $this->app->singleton('setting', function () {
             return $this->app->make(SettingService::class);
         });
 
-        $this->app->bind('images', function () {
+        $this->app->singleton('images', function () {
             return $this->app->make(ImageService::class);
         });
+
+        $this->app->singleton('permissions', function () {
+            return $this->app->make(PermissionService::class);
+        });
     }
 }
diff --git a/phpunit.xml b/phpunit.xml
index 7de7233af..9f83e95ff 100644
--- a/phpunit.xml
+++ b/phpunit.xml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
         <server name="DB_CONNECTION" value="mysql_testing"/>
         <server name="BCRYPT_ROUNDS" value="4"/>
         <server name="MAIL_DRIVER" value="array"/>
-        <server name="LOG_CHANNEL" value="null"/>
+        <server name="LOG_CHANNEL" value="single"/>
         <server name="AUTH_METHOD" value="standard"/>
         <server name="DISABLE_EXTERNAL_SERVICES" value="true"/>
         <server name="AVATAR_URL" value=""/>
diff --git a/routes/web.php b/routes/web.php
index 0277c1bb4..be729f566 100644
--- a/routes/web.php
+++ b/routes/web.php
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth'], function () {
         Route::get('/{slug}/edit', 'BookController@edit');
         Route::put('/{slug}', 'BookController@update');
         Route::delete('/{id}', 'BookController@destroy');
-        Route::get('/{slug}/sort-item', 'BookController@getSortItem');
+        Route::get('/{slug}/sort-item', 'BookController@sortItem');
         Route::get('/{slug}', 'BookController@show');
         Route::get('/{bookSlug}/permissions', 'BookController@showPermissions');
         Route::put('/{bookSlug}/permissions', 'BookController@permissions');
diff --git a/tests/Entity/PageDraftTest.php b/tests/Entity/PageDraftTest.php
index f29231c39..e374575f5 100644
--- a/tests/Entity/PageDraftTest.php
+++ b/tests/Entity/PageDraftTest.php
@@ -18,25 +18,26 @@ class PageDraftTest extends BrowserKitTest
     public function test_draft_content_shows_if_available()
     {
         $addedContent = '<p>test message content</p>';
-        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl() . '/edit')
+        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl('/edit'))
             ->dontSeeInField('html', $addedContent);
 
         $newContent = $this->page->html . $addedContent;
         $this->pageRepo->updatePageDraft($this->page, ['html' => $newContent]);
-        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl() . '/edit')
+        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl('/edit'))
             ->seeInField('html', $newContent);
     }
 
     public function test_draft_not_visible_by_others()
     {
         $addedContent = '<p>test message content</p>';
-        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl() . '/edit')
+        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl('/edit'))
             ->dontSeeInField('html', $addedContent);
 
         $newContent = $this->page->html . $addedContent;
         $newUser = $this->getEditor();
         $this->pageRepo->updatePageDraft($this->page, ['html' => $newContent]);
-        $this->actingAs($newUser)->visit($this->page->getUrl() . '/edit')
+
+        $this->actingAs($newUser)->visit($this->page->getUrl('/edit'))
             ->dontSeeInField('html', $newContent);
     }
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ class PageDraftTest extends BrowserKitTest
     {
         $this->asAdmin();
         $this->pageRepo->updatePageDraft($this->page, ['html' => 'test content']);
-        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl() . '/edit')
+        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl('/edit'))
             ->see('You are currently editing a draft');
     }
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ class PageDraftTest extends BrowserKitTest
     {
         $nonEditedPage = \BookStack\Entities\Page::take(10)->get()->last();
         $addedContent = '<p>test message content</p>';
-        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl() . '/edit')
+        $this->asAdmin()->visit($this->page->getUrl('/edit'))
             ->dontSeeInField('html', $addedContent);
 
         $newContent = $this->page->html . $addedContent;
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class PageDraftTest extends BrowserKitTest
         $this->pageRepo->updatePageDraft($this->page, ['html' => $newContent]);
 
         $this->actingAs($newUser)
-            ->visit($this->page->getUrl() . '/edit')
+            ->visit($this->page->getUrl('/edit'))
             ->see('Admin has started editing this page');
             $this->flushSession();
         $this->visit($nonEditedPage->getUrl() . '/edit')
diff --git a/tests/Entity/TagTest.php b/tests/Entity/TagTest.php
index 70b8c960b..13876410a 100644
--- a/tests/Entity/TagTest.php
+++ b/tests/Entity/TagTest.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use BookStack\Entities\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Actions\Tag;
+use BookStack\Entities\Entity;
 use BookStack\Entities\Page;
 use BookStack\Auth\Permissions\PermissionService;
 
@@ -14,9 +15,9 @@ class TagTest extends BrowserKitTest
     /**
      * Get an instance of a page that has many tags.
      * @param \BookStack\Actions\Tag[]|bool $tags
-     * @return mixed
+     * @return Entity
      */
-    protected function getEntityWithTags($class, $tags = false)
+    protected function getEntityWithTags($class, $tags = false): Entity
     {
         $entity = $class::first();
 
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ class TagTest extends BrowserKitTest
         // Set restricted permission the page
         $page->restricted = true;
         $page->save();
-        $permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($page);
+        $page->rebuildPermissions();
 
         $this->asAdmin()->get('/ajax/tags/suggest/names?search=co')->seeJsonEquals(['color', 'country']);
         $this->asEditor()->get('/ajax/tags/suggest/names?search=co')->seeJsonEquals([]);
diff --git a/tests/SharedTestHelpers.php b/tests/SharedTestHelpers.php
index ed92fa59f..2bff27223 100644
--- a/tests/SharedTestHelpers.php
+++ b/tests/SharedTestHelpers.php
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ trait SharedTestHelpers
      */
     protected function regenEntityPermissions(Entity $entity)
     {
-        app(PermissionService::class)->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entity);
+        $entity->rebuildPermissions();
         $entity->load('jointPermissions');
     }