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minecraft-backup/backup.sh

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Bash
Executable File

#!/bin/bash
# Minecraft server automatic backup management script
# by Nicolas Chan
# MIT License
#
# For Minecraft servers running in a tmux session.
# For most convenience, run automatically with cron.
# Default Configuration
TMUX_NAME="" # Name of the tmux session your Minecraft server is running in
SERVER_WORLD="" # Server world directory
BACKUP_DIRECTORY="" # Directory to save backups in
MAX_BACKUPS=128 # -1 indicates unlimited
DELETE_METHOD="thin" # Choices: thin, sequential, none; sequential: delete oldest; thin: keep last 24 hourly, last 30 daily, and monthly (use with 1 hr cron interval)
COMPRESSION_ALGORITHM="gzip" # Leave empty for no compression
COMPRESSION_FILE_EXTENSION=".gz" # Leave empty for no compression; Precede with a . (for example: ".gz")
COMPRESSION_LEVEL=3 # Passed to the compression algorithm
ENABLE_CHAT_MESSAGES=false # Tell players in Minecraft chat about backup status
PREFIX="Backup" # Shows in the chat message
DEBUG=false # Enable debug messages
SUPPRESS_WARNINGS=false # Suppress warnings
# Other Variables (do not modify)
DATE_FORMAT="%F_%H-%M-%S"
TIMESTAMP=$(date +$DATE_FORMAT)
while getopts 'a:cd:e:f:hi:l:m:o:p:qs:v' FLAG; do
case $FLAG in
a) COMPRESSION_ALGORITHM=$OPTARG ;;
c) ENABLE_CHAT_MESSAGES=true ;;
d) DELETE_METHOD=$OPTARG ;;
e) COMPRESSION_FILE_EXTENSION=".$OPTARG" ;;
f) TIMESTAMP=$OPTARG ;;
h) echo "Minecraft Backup (by Nicolas Chan)"
echo "-a Compression algorithm (default: gzip)"
echo "-c Enable chat messages"
echo "-d Delete method: thin (default), sequential, none"
echo "-e Compression file extension, exclude leading \".\" (default: gz)"
echo "-f Output file name (default is the timestamp)"
echo "-h Shows this help text"
echo "-i Input directory (path to world folder)"
echo "-l Compression level (default: 3)"
echo "-m Maximum backups to keep, use -1 for unlimited (default: 128)"
echo "-o Output directory"
echo "-p Prefix that shows in Minecraft chat (default: Backup)"
echo "-q Suppress warnings"
echo "-s Minecraft server tmux session name"
echo "-v Verbose mode"
exit 0
;;
i) SERVER_WORLD=$OPTARG ;;
l) COMPRESSION_LEVEL=$OPTARG ;;
m) MAX_BACKUPS=$OPTARG ;;
o) BACKUP_DIRECTORY=$OPTARG ;;
p) PREFIX=$OPTARG ;;
q) SUPPRESS_WARNINGS=true ;;
s) TMUX_NAME=$OPTARG ;;
v) DEBUG=true ;;
esac
done
log-fatal () {
echo -e "\033[0;31mFATAL:\033[0m $*"
}
log-warning () {
echo -e "\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m $*"
}
# Check for missing encouraged arguments
if ! $SUPPRESS_WARNINGS; then
if [[ $TMUX_NAME == "" ]]; then
log-warning "Minecraft tmux session name not specified (use -s)"
fi
fi
# Check for required arguments
MISSING_CONFIGURATION=false
if [[ $SERVER_WORLD == "" ]]; then
log-fatal "Server world not specified (use -i)"
MISSING_CONFIGURATION=true
fi
if [[ $BACKUP_DIRECTORY == "" ]]; then
log-fatal "Backup directory not specified (use -o)"
MISSING_CONFIGURATION=true
fi
if $MISSING_CONFIGURATION; then
exit 0
fi
ARCHIVE_FILE_NAME=$TIMESTAMP.tar$COMPRESSION_FILE_EXTENSION
ARCHIVE_PATH=$BACKUP_DIRECTORY/$ARCHIVE_FILE_NAME
# Minecraft server tmux interface functions
message-players () {
local MESSAGE=$1
local HOVER_MESSAGE=$2
message-players-color "$MESSAGE" "$HOVER_MESSAGE" "gray"
}
execute-command () {
local COMMAND=$1
if [[ $TMUX_NAME != "" ]]; then
tmux send-keys -t $TMUX_NAME "$COMMAND$(printf \\r)"
fi
}
message-players-error () {
local MESSAGE=$1
local HOVER_MESSAGE=$2
message-players-color "$MESSAGE" "$HOVER_MESSAGE" "red"
}
message-players-success () {
local MESSAGE=$1
local HOVER_MESSAGE=$2
message-players-color "$MESSAGE" "$HOVER_MESSAGE" "green"
}
message-players-color () {
local MESSAGE=$1
local HOVER_MESSAGE=$2
local COLOR=$3
if $DEBUG; then
echo "$MESSAGE ($HOVER_MESSAGE)"
fi
if $ENABLE_CHAT_MESSAGES; then
execute-command "tellraw @a [\"\",{\"text\":\"[$PREFIX] \",\"color\":\"gray\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"$MESSAGE\",\"color\":\"$COLOR\",\"italic\":true,\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":{\"text\":\"\",\"extra\":[{\"text\":\"$HOVER_MESSAGE\"}]}}}]"
fi
}
# Notify players of start
message-players "Starting backup..." "$ARCHIVE_FILE_NAME"
# Parse file timestamp to one readable by "date"
parse-file-timestamp () {
local DATE_STRING=$(echo $1 | awk -F_ '{gsub(/-/,":",$2); print $1" "$2}')
echo $DATE_STRING
}
# Delete a backup
delete-backup () {
local BACKUP=$1
rm $BACKUP_DIRECTORY/$BACKUP
message-players "Deleted old backup" "$BACKUP"
}
# Sequential delete method
delete-sequentially () {
local BACKUPS=($(ls $BACKUP_DIRECTORY))
while [[ $MAX_BACKUPS -ge 0 && ${#BACKUPS[@]} -gt $MAX_BACKUPS ]]; do
delete-backup ${BACKUPS[0]}
BACKUPS=($(ls $BACKUP_DIRECTORY))
done
}
# Functions to sort backups into correct categories based on timestamps
is-hourly-backup () {
local TIMESTAMP=$*
local MINUTE=$(date -d "$TIMESTAMP" +%M)
return $MINUTE
}
is-daily-backup () {
local TIMESTAMP=$*
local HOUR=$(date -d "$TIMESTAMP" +%H)
return $HOUR
}
is-weekly-backup () {
local TIMESTAMP=$*
local DAY=$(date -d "$TIMESTAMP" +%u)
return $((DAY - 1))
}
# Helper function to sum an array
array-sum () {
SUM=0
for NUMBER in $*; do
(( SUM += NUMBER ))
done
echo $SUM
}
# Thinning delete method
delete-thinning () {
# sub-hourly, hourly, daily, weekly is everything else
local BLOCK_SIZES=(16 24 30)
# First block is unconditional
# The next blocks will only accept files whose names cause these functions to return true (0)
local BLOCK_FUNCTIONS=("is-hourly-backup" "is-daily-backup" "is-weekly-backup")
# Warn if $MAX_BACKUPS does not have enough room for all the blocks
TOTAL_BLOCK_SIZE=$(array-sum ${BLOCK_SIZES[@]})
if [[ $TOTAL_BLOCK_SIZE -gt $MAX_BACKUPS ]]; then
if ! $SUPPRESS_WARNINGS; then
log-warning "MAX_BACKUPS ($MAX_BACKUPS) is smaller than TOTAL_BLOCK_SIZE ($TOTAL_BLOCK_SIZE)"
fi
fi
local CURRENT_INDEX=0
local BACKUPS=($(ls -r $BACKUP_DIRECTORY)) # List newest first
for BLOCK_INDEX in ${!BLOCK_SIZES[@]}; do
local BLOCK_SIZE=${BLOCK_SIZES[BLOCK_INDEX]}
local BLOCK_FUNCTION=${BLOCK_FUNCTIONS[BLOCK_INDEX]}
local OLDEST_BACKUP_IN_BLOCK_INDEX=$((BLOCK_SIZE + CURRENT_INDEX)) # Not an off-by-one error because a new backup was already saved
local OLDEST_BACKUP_IN_BLOCK=${BACKUPS[OLDEST_BACKUP_IN_BLOCK_INDEX]}
if [[ $OLDEST_BACKUP_IN_BLOCK == "" ]]; then
break
fi
local OLDEST_BACKUP_TIMESTAMP=$(parse-file-timestamp ${OLDEST_BACKUP_IN_BLOCK:0:19})
local BLOCK_COMMAND="$BLOCK_FUNCTION $OLDEST_BACKUP_TIMESTAMP"
if $BLOCK_COMMAND; then
# Oldest backup in this block satisfies the condition for placement in the next block
if $DEBUG; then
echo "$OLDEST_BACKUP_IN_BLOCK promoted to next block"
fi
else
# Oldest backup in this block does not satisfy the condition for placement in next block
delete-backup $OLDEST_BACKUP_IN_BLOCK
break
fi
((CURRENT_INDEX += BLOCK_SIZE))
done
delete-sequentially
}
# Disable world autosaving
execute-command "save-off"
# Backup world
START_TIME=$(date +"%s")
case $COMPRESSION_ALGORITHM in
"") # No compression
tar -cf $ARCHIVE_PATH -C $SERVER_WORLD .
;;
*) # With compression
tar -cf - -C $SERVER_WORLD . | $COMPRESSION_ALGORITHM -cv -$COMPRESSION_LEVEL - > $ARCHIVE_PATH 2>> /dev/null
;;
esac
sync
END_TIME=$(date +"%s")
# Enable world autosaving
execute-command "save-on"
# Save the world
execute-command "save-all"
# Delete old backups
delete-old-backups () {
case $DELETE_METHOD in
"sequential") delete-sequentially
;;
"thin") delete-thinning
;;
esac
}
# Notify players of completion
WORLD_SIZE_BYTES=$(du -b --max-depth=0 $SERVER_WORLD | awk '{print $1}')
ARCHIVE_SIZE_BYTES=$(du -b $ARCHIVE_PATH | awk '{print $1}')
COMPRESSION_PERCENT=$(($ARCHIVE_SIZE_BYTES * 100 / $WORLD_SIZE_BYTES))
ARCHIVE_SIZE=$(du -h $ARCHIVE_PATH | awk '{print $1}')
BACKUP_DIRECTORY_SIZE=$(du -h --max-depth=0 $BACKUP_DIRECTORY | awk '{print $1}')
TIME_DELTA=$((END_TIME - START_TIME))
# Check that archive size is not null and at least 1024 KB
if [[ "$ARCHIVE_SIZE" != "" && "$ARCHIVE_SIZE_BYTES" -gt 8 ]]; then
message-players-success "Backup complete!" "$TIME_DELTA s, $ARCHIVE_SIZE/$BACKUP_DIRECTORY_SIZE, $COMPRESSION_PERCENT%"
delete-old-backups
else
message-players-error "Backup was not saved!" "Please notify an administrator"
fi